Osteosarcopenia: epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment—facts and numbers

BACKGROUND: Osteosarcopenia, the presence of osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia, is an emerging geriatric giant, which poses a serious global health burden. METHODS AND RESULTS: The prevalence of osteosarcopenia ranges in community-dwelling older adults [5-37% (≥65 years)] with the highest rates observed in those with fractures (low-trauma fracture: ~46%; hip fracture: 17.1-96.3%). Among 2353 community-dwelling adults, risk factors associated with osteosarcopenia include older age [men: 14.3% (60-64 years) to 59.4% (≥75 years); women: 20.3% (60-64 years) to 48.3% (≥75 years), P