Genomic diversifications of five Gossypium allopolyploid species and their impact on cotton improvement

Abstract Polyploidy is an evolutionary innovation for many animals and all flowering plants, but its impact on selection and domestication remains elusive. Here we analyze genome evolution and diversification for all five allopolyploid cotton species, including economically important Upland and Pima cottons. Although these polyploid genomes are conserved in gene content and synteny, they have diversified by subgenomic transposon exchanges that equilibrate genome size, evolutionary rate heterogeneities and positive selection between homoeologs within and among lineages. These differential evolutionary trajectories are accompanied by gene-family diversification and homoeolog expression divergence among polyploid…

• NS
  National Science Foundation

  Awards: IOS1739092, IOS1826544, IOS1444552, DE-AC02-05CH11231
• UD
  U.S. Department of Energy

  Awards: -AC02-05CH11231, 05CH11231, AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC02, DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC02-
• UD
  U.S. Department of Agriculture

  Awards: DE-AC02-05CH11231, 6066-21310-005-00-D, NACA 58-6066-6-046, NACA 58-6066-6-059, 58-6066-6-059
• CI
  Cotton Incorporated

  Awards: 18-195, 14-371, 18-201, 13-466TX, 13-694, 13-965, 13-636
• IS
  Iowa State University

  Award: DE-AC02-05CH11231
• JG
  Joint Genome Institute

  Awards: DE-AC02-05CH11231, AC02-05CH11231
• NN
  National Natural Science Foundation of China

  Awards: DE-AC02-05CH11231, 91631302
• NA
  Nanjing Agricultural University
• JC
  Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production
• OO
  Office of Science

  Awards: AC02-05CH11231, -AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC02
• NS
  Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province

  Award: LY17C060005