Antibiotics in the environment: causes and consequences

Antibiotics represent one of the main discoveries of the last century that changed the treatment of a large array of infections in a significant way. However, increased consumption has led to an exposure of bacterial communities and ecosystems to a large amount of antibiotic residues. This paper aims to provide a brief overview of the primary drivers associated with antibiotic occurrence in the environment. Furthermore, we attempted to summarize the behavior of antibiotic residues in the environment and the necessity of their detection and quantification. Also, we provide updated scientific and regulatory facts about environmental antibiotic discharge and environmental and human antibiotics risk assessment. We…