Bipolar membranes: A review on principles, latest developments, and applications

Bipolar membranes (BPMs) are a special class of ion-exchange membranes constituted by a cation- and an anion-exchange layer, allowing the generation of protons and hydroxide ions via a water dissociation mechanism. Such unique feature makes bipolar membranes attractive for a variety of applications in many sectors, such as (bio)chemical industry, food processing, environmental protection, and energy conversion and storage, among others. Research and development on BPMs over the past two decades have created a growing market with commercial BPMs available today from multiple manufacturers. Moreover, BPMs are rapidly gaining attention for their technical, environmental, and economical advancements compared to…

• MO
  Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
• RS
  Russian Science Foundation

  Award: 19-13-00339
• H2
  Horizon 2020 Framework Programme

  Award: 731187