Quantum random walks - an introductory overview

This article aims to provide an introductory survey on quantum random walks. Starting from a physical effect to illustrate the main ideas we will introduce quantum random walks, review some of their properties and outline their striking differences to classical walks. We will touch upon both physical effects and computer science applications, introducing some of the main concepts and language of present day quantum information science in this context. We will mention recent developments in this new area and outline some open questions. 1. Overview Ever since the discovery of quantum mechanics people have been puzzled by the counter-intuitive character of the laws of nature. Over time we have learned to accept…