Multiple wheat genomes reveal global variation in modern breeding

Abstract Advances in genomics have expedited the improvement of several agriculturally important crops but similar efforts in wheat ( Triticum spp.) have been more challenging. This is largely owing to the size and complexity of the wheat genome 1 , and the lack of genome-assembly data for multiple wheat lines 2,3 . Here we generated ten chromosome pseudomolecule and five scaffold assemblies of hexaploid wheat to explore the genomic diversity among wheat lines from global breeding programs. Comparative analysis revealed extensive structural rearrangements, introgressions from wild relatives and differences in gene content resulting from complex breeding histories aimed at improving adaptation to diverse…

• NS
  National Science Foundation

  Awards: 1339389, JPMJCR16O3, 31003A_182318
• GC
  Genome Canada

  Award: CTAG2
• WG
  Western Grains Research Foundation

  Award: CTAG2
• JA
  Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development

  Award: CREST
• AG
  Australian Government
• KW
  Kansas Wheat Commission
• GR
  Grains Research and Development Corporation
• MO
  Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

  Awards: JP16H06469, JP16H06464, CREST
• SN
  Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung

  Awards: CRSII5_183578, 31003A_182318
• BF
  Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung

  Awards: 031B0190, FKZ 031A536A
• ET
  Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich
• KA
  King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
• BF
  Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft

  Award: 2819103915
• UZ
  Universität Zürich
• NA
  National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
• GP
  Genome Prairie
• GN
  German Network for Bioinformatics Infrastructure
• AW
  Alberta Wheat Commission

  Award: CTAG2
• SW
  Saskatchewan Wheat Development Commission
• A
  Agroscope
• DF
  Directorate for Biological Sciences

  Award: BB/P016855/1
• BA
  Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

  Awards: BBS/E/T/000PR9783, BBS/E/J/000PR9789, BB/N020871/1, BBS/OS/NW/000017, BBS/E/J/000PR9780, BB/J003557/1, BB/P016855/1, BBS/E/J/000CA352, BBS/E/J/000PR8000, BB/P010733/1, BBS/E/T/000GP020, BB/J003743/1, BB/N020871/2, BB/P010733/1, BB/M025497/1, BB/P010741/1, BB/P010768/1, BBS/E/J/000CA421, BBS/E/J/000PR9787, BBS/E/J/000PR9781, BBS/E/J/000C0628, P016855/1, BB/P010741/1, BBS/E/T/000PR9819, BB/P010768/2, BBS/E/T/000PR9818, BB/P010768/1
• JS
  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

  Awards: JP16H06464, JP16K21727, CREST
• CR
  Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology

  Award: JPMJCR16O3