Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990–2019

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), principally ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, are the leading cause of global mortality and a major contributor to disability. This paper reviews the magnitude of total CVD burden, including 13 underlying causes of cardiovascular death and 9 related risk factors, using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. GBD, an ongoing multinational collaboration to provide comparable and consistent estimates of population health over time, used all available population-level data sources on incidence, prevalence, case fatality, mortality, and health risks to produce estimates for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Prevalent cases of total CVD…

• BA
  Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
• AH
  American Heart Association

  Award: 18SFRN34110082
• NK
  National Kidney Foundation
• A
  Amgen
• EL
  Eli Lilly and Company
• A
  AstraZeneca
• S
  Sanofi
• RP
  Regeneron Pharmaceuticals
• IP
  Ionis Pharmaceuticals
• KC
  Kowa Company
• M
  Mylan
• AP
  Amryt Pharma
• VM
  Virginia Marine Resources Commission
• DF
  Department for International Development, UK Government
• NR
  National Research Foundation
• FC
  Fondazione Cariplo
• D
  Daiichi-Sankyo
• DF
  Department for International Development
• CN
  Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

  Awards: 465518/2014-1, 310679/2016-8
• FD
  Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

  Award: PPM-00428-17
• ET
  Esperion Therapeutics
• NI
  National Institutes of Health
• MR
  Medical Research Council

  Awards: MR/S011676/1, MR/S005242/1, MR/R024227/1, MR/M015084/1
• NH
  National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

  Awards: R01HL092577, 1R01HL128914