articleIEEE Transactions on Power SystemsFeb 16, 2022GREEN OA

Revisiting Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Inverters: A Duality Theory

YLYitong LiYGYunjie GuTGT.C. Green

Imperial College London · University of Bath

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Abstract

Power electronic converters for integrating renewable energy resources into power systems can be divided into grid-forming and grid-following inverters. They possess certain similarities, but several important differences, which means that the relationship between them is quite subtle and sometimes obscure. In this article, a new perspective based on duality is proposed to create new insights. It successfully unifies the grid interfacing and synchronization characteristics of the two inverter types in a symmetric, elegant, and technology-neutral form. Analysis shows that the grid-forming and grid-following inverters are duals of each other in several ways including a) synchronization controllers: frequency…

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Topics & keywords

Topics
Keywords
  • Grid
  • Duality (order theory)
  • Computer science
  • Power grid
  • Mathematics
  • Power (physics)
  • Physics
  • Geometry
UN Sustainable Development Goals
  • Affordable and clean energy
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