Regulation of Insulin Synthesis and Secretion and Pancreatic Beta-Cell Dysfunction in Diabetes

Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.Insulin, which is produced in β-cells, is a critical regulator of metabolism.Insulin is synthesized as preproinsulin and processed to proinsulin.Proinsulin is then converted to insulin and C-peptide and stored in secretary granules awaiting release on demand.Insulin synthesis is regulated at both the transcriptional and translational level.The cis-acting sequences within the 5′ flanking region and trans-activators including paired box gene 6 (PAX6), pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1(PDX-1), MafA, and B-2/Neurogenic differentiation 1 (NeuroD1) regulate insulin transcription, while the stability of…

• AD
  American Diabetes Association

  Award: 1R01AT007077
• NC
  National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine

  Awards: 1R01AT007077, 1R01AT007077-01