Atlas of AI: power, politics, and the planetary costs of artificial intelligence.

In recent years, the advent of cutting-edge machine-learning techniques and approaches has laid bare the vulnerabilities of states and societies. These have been unprepared to respond effectively to gruelling problems raised by, for example, algorithmic bias, the management of data and the disruptive effects of artificial intelligence (AI). Perhaps for this reason, states and non-state actors alike have accelerated their efforts to tame AI developments through comprehensive regulations and strategies. Yet only time will tell if these unprecedented efforts to regulate AI will be successful, since the trajectory of AI development is unpredictable. Its historical cycles, known as AI springs and summers, have…