COVID-19 vaccine development: milestones, lessons and prospects

With the constantly mutating of SARS-CoV-2 and the emergence of Variants of Concern (VOC), the implementation of vaccination is critically important. Existing SARS-CoV-2 vaccines mainly include inactivated, live attenuated, viral vector, protein subunit, RNA, DNA, and virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines. Viral vector vaccines, protein subunit vaccines, and mRNA vaccines may induce additional cellular or humoral immune regulations, including Th cell responses and germinal center responses, and form relevant memory cells, greatly improving their efficiency. However, some viral vector or mRNA vaccines may be associated with complications like thrombocytopenia and myocarditis, raising concerns about the safety of…

• NN
  National Natural Science Foundation of China

  Award: 82151224
• BU
  Beijing University of Chemical Technology

  Awards: XK2020-02, No. XK1803-06, BUCTZY2022, XK1803-06
• NK
  National Key Research and Development Program of China

  Awards: 20SWAQK22, No. 2022YFC0867500, BWS21J025, 20SWAQK22 and 2020YFA0712102, BWS21J025, 2022YFC0867500, 2020YFA0712102