Endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver diseases

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an intracellular organelle that fosters the correct folding of linear polypeptides and proteins, a process tightly governed by the ER-resident enzymes and chaperones. Failure to shape the proper 3-dimensional architecture of proteins culminates in the accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins within the ER, disturbs ER homeostasis, and leads to canonically defined ER stress. Recent studies have elucidated that cellular perturbations, such as lipotoxicity, can also lead to ER stress. In response to ER stress, the unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated to reestablish ER homeostasis ("adaptive UPR"), or, conversely, to provoke cell death when ER stress is overwhelmed…

• AP
  Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer
• E
  Equipex
• EC
  European Commission
• AN
  Agence Nationale de la Recherche
• FL
  Fondation Leducq
• IN
  Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
• NN
  National Natural Science Foundation of China
• FP
  Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale
• FU
  Fudan University
• LC
  Ligue Contre le Cancer
• CN
  Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
• IU
  Institut Universitaire de France
• IN
  Institut National Du Cancer
• CI
  Cancéropôle Ile de France
• IG
  Institut Gustave-Roussy
• NK
  National Key Research and Development Program of China
• LI
  Labex Immuno-Oncology
• IO
  Institute of Cancer Research