Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering

Over the past four decades, energy microsources based on piezoelectric energy harvesting have been intensively studied for applications in autonomous sensor systems. The research is triggered by the quest for replacing standard lead-based piezoelectric ceramics with environmentally friendly lead-free materials and potential deployment of energy-harvesting microsystems in internet of things, internet of health, "place and leave" sensors in infrastructures and agriculture monitoring. Moreover, futher system miniaturization and co-integration of functions are required in line with a desired possibility to increase the harvested power density per material volume. Thus, further research efforts are necessary to…