A Review of Sarcopenia Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Treatment and Future Direction

Sarcopenia is a progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. The prevalence of sarcopenia was reported to be up to 29% in older persons in the community healthcare setting. Sarcopenia diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of low muscle mass plus low muscle strength or low physical performance. Sarcopenia management options include non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches. Non-pharmacological approaches include resistance exercise and adequate nutrition. Of the two, resistance exercise is the standard non-pharmacological treatment approach for sarcopenia with significant positive evidence. Some dietary approaches such as adequate intake of protein, vitamin D, antioxidant…