Hypoxia-inducible factors: master regulators of hypoxic tumor immune escape

Hypoxia, a common feature of the tumor microenvironment in various types of cancers, weakens cytotoxic T cell function and causes recruitment of regulatory T cells, thereby reducing tumoral immunogenicity. Studies have demonstrated that hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) 1 and 2 alpha (HIF1A and HIF2A) are involved in tumor immune escape. Under hypoxia, activation of HIF1A induces a series of signaling events, including through programmed death receptor-1/programmed death ligand-1. Moreover, hypoxia triggers shedding of complex class I chain-associated molecules through nitric oxide signaling impairment to disrupt immune surveillance by natural killer cells. The HIF-1-galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase…

• NS
  Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province

  Award: 31972741
• EC
  European Commission

  Award: 759585
• NN
  National Natural Science Foundation of China

  Awards: 31972741, 2016T90477, 32172922
• GO
  Government of Jiangsu Province
• PS
  Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province

  Award: 2016T90477
• HE
  H2020 European Research Council

  Award: 759585