Plant-derived hard carbon as anode for sodium-ion batteries: A comprehensive review to guide interdisciplinary research

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are one of the most promising candidates to replace lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in grid-scale energy storage applications. SIBs technology is still in an early development stage and new feasible and low-cost active materials are required. The design of high-performance anodes and the fully understanding of the sodium storage mechanisms are the main bottleneck to overcome. Hard carbons (HCs) are extensively studied as anode material since sodium ions can be intercalated in pseudographitic domains and reversibly adsorbed in surface edges, defects and nanopores. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge of plant-derived HC anodes in SIBs,…

• GD
  Gobierno de Aragón

  Awards: T22_20R, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, 501100011033
• AE
  Agencia Estatal de Investigación

  Awards: AEI/10.13039/501100011033, 501100011033, 10.13039/501100011033, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, 13039, 10.13039, PID2019-107737RB-I00, AEI/10, 13039/501100011033, AEI/10., PID2019