Signal amplification in the KEAP1-NRF2-ARE antioxidant response pathway

The KEAP1-NRF2-ARE signaling pathway plays a central role in mediating the adaptive cellular stress response to oxidative and electrophilic chemicals. This canonical pathway has been extensively studied and reviewed in the past two decades, but rarely was it looked at from a quantitative signaling perspective. Signal amplification, i.e., ultrasensitivity, is crucially important for robust induction of antioxidant genes to appropriate levels that can adequately counteract the stresses. In this review article, we examined a number of well-known molecular events in the KEAP1-NRF2-ARE pathway from a quantitative perspective with a focus on how signal amplification can be achieved. We illustrated, by using a series…

• NN
  National Natural Science Foundation of China

  Awards: 81602824, 82020108027, 81830099
• NS
  Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province

  Award: 2021-MS-172
• KR
  Key Research and Development Program of Liaoning Province

  Award: 2019JH8 / 10300012
• NI
  National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

  Awards: P42ES04911, P30ES019776