GM-CSF: A Double-Edged Sword in Cancer Immunotherapy

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a cytokine that drives the generation of myeloid cell subsets including neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells in response to stress, infections, and cancers. By modulating the functions of innate immune cells that serve as a bridge to activate adaptive immune responses, GM-CSF globally impacts host immune surveillance under pathologic conditions. As with other soluble mediators of immunity, too much or too little GM-CSF has been found to promote cancer aggressiveness. While too little GM-CSF prevents the appropriate production of innate immune cells and subsequent activation of adaptive anti-cancer immune responses, too much of…

• AS
  American Society of Hematology
• LA
  Leukemia and Lymphoma Society

  Award: LLS 6624-21
• BR
  Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope
• AM
  Andrew McDonough B+ Foundation
• S
  Servier
• NI
  National Institutes of Health

  Award: P50 CA107399
• NC
  National Cancer Institute

  Awards: P50 CA107399, CA107399