Sequential vacuum-evaporated perovskite solar cells with more than 24% efficiency

Vacuum evaporation is promising for the high-throughput fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because of its solvent-free characteristic, precise control of film thickness, and compatibility with large-scale production. Nevertheless, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs fabricated by vacuum evaporation lags behind that of solution-processed PSCs. Here, we report a Cl-containing alloy-mediated sequential vacuum evaporation approach to fabricate perovskite films. The presence of Cl in the alloy facilitates organic ammonium halide diffusion and the subsequent perovskite conversion reaction, leading to homogeneous pinhole-free perovskite films with few defects. The resulting PSCs yield a PCE of…

• NN
  National Natural Science Foundation of China

  Awards: 21872080, SKLD20M03, SKLD21Z03, HNKJ20-H88
• RP
  Recruitment Program of Global Experts
• SG
  State Grid Corporation of China
• BS
  Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility