Long-term cardiovascular outcomes in COVID-19 survivors among non-vaccinated population: A retrospective cohort study from the TriNetX US collaborative networks

The long-term cardiovascular outcomes in COVID-19 survivors remain largely unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term cardiovascular outcomes in COVID-19 survivors.

This study used the data from the US Collaborative Network in TriNetX. From a cohort of more than 42 million records between 1 January 2019 and 31 March 2022, a total of 4,131,717 participants who underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing were recruited. Study population then divided into two groups based on COVID-19 test results. To avoid reverse causality, the follow-up initiated 30 days after the test, and continued until 12 months. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% Confidence intervals (CIs) of the incidental cardiovascular outcomes were calculated between propensity score-matched patients with versus without SARS-CoV-2 infection. Subgroup analyses on sex, and age group were also conducted. Sensitivity analyses were performed using different network, or stratified by hospitalization to explore the difference of geography and severity of COVID-19 infection.