Obesity and cardiovascular disease: mechanistic insights and management strategies. A joint position paper by the World Heart Federation and World Obesity Federation

The ongoing obesity epidemic represents a global public health crisis that contributes to poor health outcomes, reduced quality of life, and >2.8 million deaths each year. Obesity is relapsing, progressive, and heterogeneous. It is considered a chronic disease by the World Obesity Federation (WOF) and a chronic condition by the World Heart Federation (WHF). People living with overweight/obesity are at greater risk for cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Increased adiposity (body fat), particularly visceral/abdominal fat, is linked to CV risk and CV disease (CVD) via multiple direct and indirect pathophysiological mechanisms. The development of CVD is driven, in part, by obesity-related metabolic,…

• A
  Amgen
• BS
  Bristol-Myers Squibb
• EL
  Eli Lilly and Company
• P
  Pfizer
• A
  AstraZeneca
• S
  Sanofi
• AP
  Alnylam Pharmaceuticals
• R
  ResMed
• UO
  University of Liverpool
• NN
  Novo Nordisk
• WH
  World Heart Federation
• JP
  Janssen Pharmaceuticals