Deterministic fabrication of 3D/2D perovskite bilayer stacks for durable and efficient solar cells

Realizing solution-processed heterostructures is a long-enduring challenge in halide perovskites because of solvent incompatibilities that disrupt the underlying layer. By leveraging the solvent dielectric constant and Gutmann donor number, we could grow phase-pure two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskite stacks of the desired composition, thickness, and bandgap onto 3D perovskites without dissolving the underlying substrate. Characterization reveals a 3D–2D transition region of 20 nanometers mainly determined by the roughness of the bottom 3D layer. Thickness dependence of the 2D perovskite layer reveals the anticipated trends for n-i-p and p-i-n architectures, which is consistent with band alignment and…

• NS
  National Science Foundation

  Awards: CBET-1626418, DE-AC02-06CH11357, DMR-1719797, 1626418, 1719797
• UD
  U.S. Department of Energy

  Awards: SC0013957, AC02-06CH11357, DE-AC02, DE-SC0013957, 06CH11357, DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-AC02-
• NU
  Northwestern University

  Award: DE-AC02-06CH11357
• UO
  University of Washington

  Awards: DMR-1719797, DE-AC02-06CH11357
• RU
  Rice University
• EC
  European Commission

  Awards: DE-AC02-06CH11357, 861985
• IU
  Institut Universitaire de France
• OO
  Office of Science

  Awards: DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-AC02, 06CH11357, AC02-06CH11357
• OO
  Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

  Awards: AC02-06CH11357, DE-AC02-06CH11357
• OO
  Office of Naval Research

  Awards: DE-AC02-06CH11357, N00014-20-1-2725, N00014
• DO
  Division of Materials Research

  Awards: DE-AC02-06CH11357, 1719797, DMR-1719797
• DO
  Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems

  Awards: CBET-1626418, 1626418
• IO
  Institute of Circulatory and Respiratory Health
• AN
  Argonne National Laboratory

  Awards: DE-AC02, 06CH11357, AC02-06CH11357