reviewACM Computing SurveysJan 11, 2023Closed access

A Survey of Blockchain Consensus Protocols

JXJie XuCWCong WangXJXiaohua Jia

City University of Hong Kong

Indexed incrossref

Abstract

Blockchain consensus protocols have been a focus of attention since the advent of Bitcoin. Although classic distributed consensus algorithms made significant contributions to the development of blockchain consensus protocols, there are still many issues to be resolved due to the complexity and diversity of the blockchain. In this survey, we summarize the state-of-the-art blockchain consensus protocols. We first introduce the theoretical basis, models, and challenges of blockchain consensus protocols. Then, we present the existing blockchain protocols in the categories of proof-based protocols, committee-based protocols, and other miscellaneous protocols. Finally, we analyze their performance and discuss future…

Citation impact

238
total citations
FWCI
103.17
Percentile
100%
References
93
Citations per year

Authors

3

Topics & keywords

Topics
Keywords
  • Blockchain
  • Computer science
  • Protocol (science)
  • Consensus algorithm
  • Consensus conference
  • Computer security
  • Data science
  • Medicine
UN Sustainable Development Goals
  • Partnerships for the goals
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Funding