Review of optimal sizing and power management strategies for fuel cell/battery/super capacitor hybrid electric vehicles

Energy management strategies and optimal power source sizing for fuel cell/battery/super capacitor hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are critical for power splitting and cost-effective sizing to meet power demand for a good drive range, less energy loss and consumption, and minimal fuel cell and battery degradation for hybrid power sources. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the energy management techniques and their integration with energy source sizing, mainly for fuel cell/battery/supercapacitor hybrid electric vehicles. The paper discussed the benefits of integrating an energy management strategy (EMS) and the sizing of hybrid energy sources. Predictive based energy management strategies such as…