Immune checkpoint blockade in glioblastoma: from tumor heterogeneity to personalized treatment

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized modern cancer therapy, arousing great interest in the neuro-oncology community. While several reports show that subsets of patients with glioma exhibit durable responses to immunotherapy, the efficacy of this treatment has not been observed for unselected patient populations, preventing its broad clinical implementation for gliomas and glioblastoma (GBM). To exploit the maximum therapeutic potential of ICB for patients with glioma, understanding the different aspects of glioma-related tumor immune responses is of critical importance. In this Review, we discuss contributing factors that distinguish subsets of patients with glioma who may benefit from ICB.…

• BS
  Bristol-Myers Squibb
• NU
  Northwestern University

  Award: P50CA221747
• NI
  National Institutes of Health

  Awards: 1R01NS110703-01A1, 1U19CA264338-01, P50CA221747
• NC
  National Cancer Institute

  Awards: P50CA221747, R00CA240689
• NI
  National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

  Awards: 1R01NS110703, P50CA221747, 1R01NS110703-01A1