Nonhuman “Authors” and Implications for the Integrity of Scientific Publication and Medical Knowledge

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to help authors improve the preparation and quality of their manuscripts and published articles are rapidly increasing in number and sophistication.These include tools to assist with writing, grammar, language, references, statistical analysis, and reporting standards.Editors and publishers also use AI-assisted tools for myriad purposes, including to screen submissions for problems (eg, plagiarism, image manipulation, ethical issues), triage submissions, validate references, edit, and code content for publication in different media and to facilitate postpublication search and discoverability. 1 In November 2022, OpenAI released a new open source, natural language…