reviewFrontiers in ImmunologyFeb 10, 2023GOLD OA

Tumor microenvironment-mediated immune evasion in hepatocellular carcinoma

CCChen ChenZWZehua WangYDYi DingYQYanru Qin

First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University

PubMed
Indexed incrossrefdoajpubmed

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and is the third leading cause of tumor-related mortality worldwide. In recent years, the emergency of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has revolutionized the management of HCC. Especially, the combination of atezolizumab (anti-PD1) and bevacizumab (anti-VEGF) has been approved by the FDA as the first-line treatment for advanced HCC. Despite great breakthrough in systemic therapy, HCC continues to portend a poor prognosis owing to drug resistance and frequent recurrence. The tumor microenvironment (TME) of HCC is a complex and structured mixture characterized by abnormal angiogenesis, chronic inflammation, and dysregulated…

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Authors

4

Topics & keywords

Topics
Keywords
  • Tumor microenvironment
  • Immune system
  • Immunotherapy
  • Cancer research
  • Medicine
  • Angiogenesis
  • Immunology
  • Metastasis
UN Sustainable Development Goals
  • Good health and well-being
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