A critical review on dry anaerobic digestion of organic waste: Characteristics, operational conditions, and improvement strategies

The development and utilization of bioenergy from various biomass can effectively reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. The dry anaerobic digestion (AD) process is a promising technology for the treatment and stabilization of organic wastes (e.g., agricultural residues, livestock waste) with high total solid contents (15%–40%), while simultaneously recovering energy through biogas production (mainly methane). In the past few years, it has attracted significant attention because it possesses several advantages over wet AD, including higher volumetric methane yield, reduced digester size, less digested residue, and greater ease in handling the low-moisture digestate. This…