articleEnvironmental Science & TechnologyFeb 13, 2023HYBRID OA

Occurrence, Fate, and Related Health Risks of PFAS in Raw and Produced Drinking Water

MSMohammad SadiaINIngeborg NollenRHRick HelmusTLThomas L. ter LaakFBFrederic Béen

University of Amsterdam · KWR Water Research Institute

PubMed
Indexed incrossrefdatacitepubmed

Abstract

This study investigates human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) via drinking water and evaluates human health risks. An analytical method for 56 target PFAS, including ultrashort-chain (C2-C3) and branched isomers, was developed. The limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.009 to 0.1 ng/L, except for trifluoroacetic-acid and perfluoropropanoic-acid with higher LODs of 35 and 0.24 ng/L, respectively. The method was applied to raw and produced drinking water from 18 Dutch locations, including groundwater or surface water as source, and applied various treatment processes. Ultrashort-chain (300 to 1100 ng/L) followed by the group of perfluoroalkyl-carboxylic-acids (PFCA, ≥C4) (0.4 to 95.1…

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Topics & keywords

Topics
Keywords
  • Raw water
  • Environmental health
  • Environmental science
  • Environmental chemistry
  • Health risk
  • Water pollutants
  • Waste management
  • Chemistry
UN Sustainable Development Goals
  • Clean water and sanitation
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