Structural parameters of nanoparticles affecting their toxicity for biomedical applications: a review

Rapidly growing interest in using nanoparticles (NPs) for biomedical applications has increased concerns about their safety and toxicity. In comparison with bulk materials, NPs are more chemically active and toxic due to the greater surface area and small size. Understanding the NPs' mechanism of toxicity, together with the factors influencing their behavior in biological environments, can help researchers to design NPs with reduced side effects and improved performance. After overviewing the classification and properties of NPs, this review article discusses their biomedical applications in molecular imaging and cell therapy, gene transfer, tissue engineering, targeted drug delivery, Anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines,…

• NI
  National Institutes of Health

  Awards: R56 DE029191, R15DE027533, 3R15DE027533-01A1W1
• NI
  National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research

  Awards: R15DE027533, R56 DE029191