Gut-Microbiota-Derived Metabolites Maintain Gut and Systemic Immune Homeostasis
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Abstract
The gut microbiota, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses and phages, inhabits the gastrointestinal tract. This commensal microbiota can contribute to the regulation of host immune response and homeostasis. Alterations of the gut microbiota have been found in many immune-related diseases. The metabolites generated by specific microorganisms in the gut microbiota, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan (Trp) and bile acid (BA) metabolites, not only affect genetic and epigenetic regulation but also impact metabolism in the immune cells, including immunosuppressive and inflammatory cells. The immunosuppressive cells (such as tolerogenic macrophages (tMacs), tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs),…
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Topics
Keywords
- Immune system
- Biology
- Gut flora
- Immune tolerance
- Innate lymphoid cell
- Homeostasis
- Immunology
- Microbiome
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