The recent progress of ion exchange for the separation of rare earths from secondary resources – A review

The challenge towards modern technologies has been enquiring and culminating in the continuously expanding use of rare earth elements (REEs). The non-renewable primary resources of REEs such as bastnasite, monazite, and xenotime, are 78% dominated by China, and their exhaustive exploitation and future availability have raised global concerns. The recycling of end-of-life (EOL) products containing rare earths, waste streams in mining, and metallurgical industry, also referred to as secondary resources - has therefore become an alternative. This, however, requires advanced separation and extraction technologies to achieve high yields from the raw materials and high purities of the recovered REEs.…

• BF
  Business Finland

  Award: 40693/31/2020