Prevalence, imaging patterns and risk factors of interstitial lung disease in connective tissue disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a frequent manifestation of connective tissue disease (CTD) with substantial variability in prevalence and outcomes reported across CTD subtypes. This systematic review summarises the prevalence, risk factors and ILD patterns on chest computed tomography of CTD-ILD.

A comprehensive search was performed in Medline and Embase to identify eligible studies. Meta-analyses were completed using a random effects model to determine the pooled prevalence of CTD-ILD and ILD patterns.