articleIEEE Wireless CommunicationsApr 10, 2023Closed access

Extremely Large-Scale MIMO: Fundamentals, Challenges, Solutions, and Future Directions

ZWZhe WangJZJiayi ZhangHDHongyang DuWEWei E. I. ShaBABo Ai

Beijing Jiaotong University · Nanyang Technological University · +2 more institutions

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Abstract

Extremely large-scale multiple-input-multipleoutput (XL-MIMO) is a promising technology to empower the next-generation communications. However, XL-MIMO, which is still in its early stage of research, has been designed with a variety of hardware and performance analysis schemes. To illustrate the differences and similarities among these schemes, we comprehensively review existing XL-MIMO hardware designs and characteristics in this article. Then, we thoroughly discuss the research status of XL-MIMO from "channel modeling", "performance analysis", and "signal processing". Several existing challenges are introduced and respective solutions are provided. We then propose two case studies for the hybrid propagation…

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197
total citations
FWCI
155.53
Percentile
100%
References
15
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Authors

7

Topics & keywords

Topics
Keywords
  • MIMO
  • Computer science
  • 3G MIMO
  • Computation
  • Channel (broadcasting)
  • Scale (ratio)
  • Computer engineering
  • Electronic engineering
UN Sustainable Development Goals
  • Peace, Justice and strong institutions
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