articleApplied EnergyApr 28, 2023HYBRID OA

The role of renewable and nuclear energy R&D expenditures and income on environmental quality in Germany: Scrutinizing the EKC and LCC hypotheses with smooth structural changes

UKUğur Korkut PataMTMustafa Tevfik KartalSESinan ErdoğanSASamuel Asumadu Sarkodie

Osmaniye Korkut Ata University · Borsa Istanbul (Turkey) · +2 more institutions

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Abstract

This study analyzes the effect of renewable energy research & development (RRD) and nuclear energy research & development (NRD) expenditures on environmental quality by considering Germany’s goal of achieving carbon neutrality until 2045. Hence, the study uses various environmental indicators (carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, ecological footprint-EF, and load capacity factor-LCF) to investigate the effects of RRD and NRD on the environmental quality controlling also a gross domestic product (GDP) and test the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) and recently proposed load capacity curve (LCC) hypotheses. Also, the study includes yearly data from 1974 to 2018, uses fractional frequency Fourier…

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228
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Topics & keywords

Topics
Keywords
  • Environmental quality
  • Economics
  • Renewable energy
  • Quality (philosophy)
  • Natural resource economics
  • Engineering
  • Biology
  • Physics
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