reviewJournal of Cleaner ProductionMay 23, 2023HYBRID OA

Phosphogypsum circular economy considerations: A critical review from more than 65 storage sites worldwide

EBEssaïd BilalHBHajar BellefqihVBVéronique BourgierHMHamid MazouzDDDelia-Georgeta Dumitraş

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Mines Saint-Étienne · +13 more institutions

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Abstract

Nearly 300 million t of phosphogypsum (PG) are produced every year as a byproduct from phosphate fertilizer production worldwide. Approximately 58% of the PG are stacked, 28% are discharged in coastal waters and only 14% are further processed. This critical review provides an overview of the physical-chemical properties of PG produced from sedimentary and magmatic phosphate ore worldwide using various analytical tools. Results from more than 25 years of work on PG at École des Mines de Saint-Étienne are presented and critically discussed. In total PG samples from 67 industrial storage sites around the world and PG samples synthesized under different conditions in the laboratory have been considered. The low…

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219
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100%
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Authors

25

Topics & keywords

Topics
Keywords
  • Phosphogypsum
  • Phosphorite
  • Raw material
  • Environmental science
  • Circular economy
  • Waste management
  • Phosphate
  • Work (physics)
UN Sustainable Development Goals
  • Life below water
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