Strong and ductile titanium–oxygen–iron alloys by additive manufacturing

Abstract Titanium alloys are advanced lightweight materials, indispensable for many critical applications 1,2 . The mainstay of the titanium industry is the α–β titanium alloys, which are formulated through alloying additions that stabilize the α and β phases 3–5 . Our work focuses on harnessing two of the most powerful stabilizing elements and strengtheners for α–β titanium alloys, oxygen and iron 1–5 , which are readily abundant. However, the embrittling effect of oxygen 6,7 , described colloquially as ‘the kryptonite to titanium’ 8 , and the microsegregation of iron 9 have hindered their combination for the development of strong and ductile α–β titanium–oxygen–iron alloys. Here we integrate alloy design…