The global prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: An umbrella review of meta-analyses

Emerging epidemiological data suggest that hundreds of primary studies have examined the prevalence of ADHD in children and adolescents and dozens of systematic view and meta-analyses studies have been conducted on the subject. The purpose of this umbrella review is to provide a robust synthesis of evidence from these systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, PsychINFO, and Scopus to find pertinent studies. The study was preregistered with PROSPERO (CRD42023389704). The quality of the studies was assessed using a Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR). Prevalence estimates from the included studies were pooled using invariance variance weighted random-effect meta-analysis.