Comorbidity between major depressive disorder and physical diseases: a comprehensive review of epidemiology, mechanisms and management

Populations with common physical diseases - such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders - experience substantially higher rates of major depressive disorder (MDD) than the general population. On the other hand, people living with MDD have a greater risk for many physical diseases. This high level of comorbidity is associated with worse outcomes, reduced adherence to treatment, increased mortality, and greater health care utilization and costs. Comorbidity can also result in a range of clinical challenges, such as a more complicated therapeutic alliance, issues pertaining to adaptive health behaviors, drug-drug interactions and adverse events induced by medications used for physical…

• MS
  Multiple Sclerosis Australia
• NR
  National Research Foundation
• DG
  Danmarks Grundforskningsfond
• L
  Lundbeckfonden
• HL
  H. Lundbeck A/S
• MR
  Medical Research Council

  Award: MR/T021780/1
• NH
  National Health and Medical Research Council

  Awards: 2017131, 2008971, 1156072, 2017962, 2009295, 1153607, 1174060