Revealing the closed pore formation of waste wood-derived hard carbon for advanced sodium-ion battery

Abstract Although the closed pore structure plays a key role in contributing low-voltage plateau capacity of hard carbon anode for sodium-ion batteries, the formation mechanism of closed pores is still under debate. Here, we employ waste wood-derived hard carbon as a template to systematically establish the formation mechanisms of closed pores and their effect on sodium storage performance. We find that the high crystallinity cellulose in nature wood decomposes to long-range carbon layers as the wall of closed pore, and the amorphous component can hinder the graphitization of carbon layer and induce the crispation of long-range carbon layers. The optimized sample demonstrates a high reversible capacity of 430…

• UD
  U.S. Department of Energy

  Awards: AC02-06CH11357, DE-AC02, 06CH11357, DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC02-06CH11357, CERC-CVC2, DE-AC02-
• NN
  National Natural Science Foundation of China

  Awards: 2017TP1001, U19A2019, DE-AC02-06CH11357, 21975289, 22272205
• CE
  Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada
• CS
  Central South University

  Award: 2017TP1001
• IA
  Innovation and Technology Fund
• SA
  Science and Technology Program of Hunan Province

  Awards: 2022RC3050, 2017TP1001
• AN
  Argonne National Laboratory

  Awards: DE-AC02, 06CH11357, AC02-06CH11357