Non-invasive temporal interference electrical stimulation of the human hippocampus

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) via implanted electrodes is used worldwide to treat patients with severe neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, its invasiveness precludes widespread clinical use and deployment in research. Temporal interference (TI) is a strategy for non-invasive steerable DBS using multiple kHz-range electric fields with a difference frequency within the range of neural activity. Here we report the validation of the non-invasive DBS concept in humans. We used electric field modeling and measurements in a human cadaver to verify that the locus of the transcranial TI stimulation can be steerably focused in the hippocampus with minimal exposure to the overlying cortex. We then used…

• HH
  Howard Hughes Medical Institute
• AA
  Alzheimer's Association
• AS
  Alzheimer's Society
• NI
  National Institute for Health and Care Research
• IC
  Imperial College London
• EC
  European Commission

  Award: 716867
• ET
  Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich
• UO
  University of Surrey
• UD
  UK Dementia Research Institute
• NI
  National Institutes of Health

  Awards: R01MH117063, R01AG059089, R01AG076708, R03AG072233
• DF
  Directorate for Biological Sciences
• MR
  Medical Research Council
• EA
  Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

  Award: EP/W004844/1
• BA
  Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

  Awards: BB/S008314/1, BB/S008314, BB/S008314/1
• NI
  NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre