Understanding and measuring skill gaps in Industry 4.0 — A review

This study utilized a systematic-narrative hybrid strategy to overview the concept of skill gap and its measuring approaches. Using the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic search in January 2023 to retrieve English records from the ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using the keywords “skill gap,” “skill mismatch,” “skill shortage,” “identifying or measuring,” and “Industry 4.0.” In total, 40 articles met our predefined inclusion criteria, and we analyzed them descriptively and qualitatively using thematic analysis and constant comparisons. We found that skill gaps certainly exist, and that concerns about growing skill gaps have been raised worldwide. Our literature review…