Reinvestigating the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) of carbon emissions and ecological footprint in 147 countries: a matter of trade protectionism
China University of Petroleum, East China · Xinjiang University · +2 more institutions
Abstract
Abstract Environmental degradation has profoundly impacted both human society and ecosystems. The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) illuminates the intricate relationship between economic growth and environmental decline. However, the recent surge in trade protectionism has heightened global economic uncertainties, posing a severe threat to global environmental sustainability. This research aims to investigate the intricate pathways through which trade protection, assessed by available trade openness data, influences the nexus between economic growth and environmental degradation. Leveraging comprehensive global panel data spanning 147 countries from 1995 to 2018, this study meticulously examines the…
Citation impact
- FWCI
- 134.81
- Percentile
- 100%
- References
- 77
Authors
4Topics & keywords
- Kuznets curve
- Protectionism
- Ecological footprint
- Economics
- Carbon footprint
- Environmental science
- Greenhouse gas
- International economics