Beyond Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), commercially pioneered by SONY 33 years ago, have emerged as the preferred power source for portable electric devices, electric vehicles (EVs), and LIBs-based grid storage systems. This preference is attributed to their exceptional characteristics, including high electromotive force, lightweight design, and impressive energy density. LIBs are now even being explored for potential use in electric flight applications. Over several decades, significant progress has been made in developing mature electrode materials and cell architectures, such as olivine LiFePO4, layered oxides, Li-rich Mn-based materials, and graphite anodes. Generally, there remains an urgent need to…