Longitudinal gut microbiome changes in immune checkpoint blockade-treated advanced melanoma

Multiple clinical trials targeting the gut microbiome are being conducted to optimize treatment outcomes for immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). To improve the success of these interventions, understanding gut microbiome changes during ICB is urgently needed. Here through longitudinal microbiome profiling of 175 patients treated with ICB for advanced melanoma, we show that several microbial species-level genome bins (SGBs) and pathways exhibit distinct patterns from baseline in patients achieving progression-free survival (PFS) of 12 months or longer (PFS ≥12) versus patients with PFS shorter than 12 months (PFS

• WT
  Wellcome Trust

  Award: 100282/Z/12/Z
• SF
  Seerave Foundation
• MD
  Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca

  Award: RBFR13EWWI_001
• UD
  Università degli Studi di Trento
• IG
  Institut Gustave-Roussy
• NI
  National Institutes of Health

  Award: 1U01CA230551
• MR
  Medical Research Council

  Award: MR/MO19012/1
• ID
  Instituto de Salud Carlos III

  Awards: PI15/00716, PI15/00956
• NC
  National Cancer Institute

  Award: 1U01CA230551