State of the art on the magnetic iron oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Functionalization, and applications in wastewater treatment

Water pollution poses significant environmental and health challenges globally due to increasing industrialization and urbanization, which have led to a rise in wastewater discharges containing hazardous pollutants. These pollutants not only degrade aquatic ecosystems but also pose risks to human health. To address these issues, researchers have been exploring various treatment technologies including adsorption in which specific pollutants can be removed efficiently and selectively using adsorbents. Magnetic adsorbents, especially magnetite (Fe3O4), have emerged as a promising adsorbent material for water purification. Its high surface area, supermagnetism, and ease of functionalization make it suitable for…