AI literacy for users – A comprehensive review and future research directions of learning methods, components, and effects

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought transformative changes to various aspects of human life, leading to an exponential increase in the number of AI users. The broad access and usage of AI enable immense benefits but also give rise to significant challenges. One way for AI users to address these challenges is to develop AI literacy, referring to human proficiency in different subject areas of AI that enable purposeful, efficient, and ethical usage of AI technologies. This study aims to comprehensively understand and structure the research on AI literacy for AI users through a systematic, scoping literature review. Therefore, we synthesize the literature, provide a conceptual…