articleMolecular MedicineMar 20, 2024GOLD OA

Endoplasmic reticulum stress and therapeutic strategies in metabolic, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer

Union Hospital · Huazhong University of Science and Technology · +2 more institutions

PubMed
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Abstract

The accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), due to genetic determinants and extrinsic environmental factors, leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress). As ER stress ensues, the unfolded protein response (UPR), comprising three signaling pathways-inositol-requiring enzyme 1, protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, and activating transcription factor 6 promptly activates to enhance the ER's protein-folding capacity and restore ER homeostasis. However, prolonged ER stress levels propels the UPR towards cellular demise and the subsequent inflammatory cascade, contributing to the development of human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative…

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