Terpenoids in essential oils: Chemistry, classification, and potential impact on human health and industry

Terpenoids, present in essential oils (EOs), have gained significant attention due to their diverse pharmacological properties and their alignment with the growing global interest in natural and sustainable products. EOs, derived from various plants, have shown promise in antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other valuable applications. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the chemistry and pharmacological roles of terpenoids and EOs, covering their classification, extraction techniques, and potential pharmaceutical applications. We delve into their functions in the human immune system, their impact on health, and their contributions to environmental sustainability. The review synthesizes…