Cancer signaling, cell/gene therapy, diagnosis and role of nanobiomaterials

An important characteristic of cancer is aberrant metabolism. Drug resistance, cancer stem cells, metastasis and tumorigenesis are all significantly impacted by abnormal cancer metabolism, which includes enhanced anabolic pathways and aerobic glycolysis. The Hippo pathway, Myc and PI3K/AKT are recognized oncogenic signaling networks that control the expression of metabolic genes and increase the level of activity of metabolic enzymes. On the other hand, abnormal metabolic pathways result in disruptions to the internal signal transduction pathways of cells, providing energy, building blocks and redox capabilities necessary for uncontrolled cancer cell proliferation. Studies and clinical trials are being carried…